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The Duchy of Pless (or the ''Duchy of Pszczyna'',〔Julian Janczak, (of Pszczyna" (in) Zarys dziejów kartografii śląskiej do końca XVIII wieku ) ''(An outline for the History of Cartography till the End of the 18th century)'', Opole: 1976, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw: Institute of History of Science, Education and Technology, 1993, ISBN 83-86062-00-2. This contains sections in several European languages, including ; Accessed 2008-13-01. ^ Tadeusz Walichnowski, (Territorial Provenance of Archival Documents in International Relations ) (''Przynaleznosc terytorialna archiwaliow Panstwa Polskiego w stosunkach miedzynarodowych''), Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw, 1977. Polish State Archives. ^''Nagel's Encyclopedia Guide, Poland'' by Nagel Publishers, 1989, 399 pages, ISBN 2-8263-0818-1. Accessed 2008-13-01.〕 (ドイツ語:Herzogtum Pleß), (ポーランド語:Księstwo Pszczyńskie)) was a Duchy of Silesia, with its capital at Pless (present-day Pszczyna, Poland). ==History== After the fragmentation of the Polish kingdom upon the 1138 Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty the lands around the castellany of Pszczyna belonged to the Seniorate Province of Lesser Poland (''Małopolska''), until in 1177 Duke Casimir II the Just granted them to the Silesian duke Mieszko I Tanglefoot. Mieszko attached Pszczyna to his Duchy of Racibórz. The Racibórz branch of the Silesian Piasts became extinct with the death of Duke Leszek in 1336. Before his death, Leszek together with several other Dukes of Silesia had accepted vassalization by King John of Bohemia in 1327, putting his duchy in the Bohemian Crown, acknowledged by King Casimir III the Great of Poland in the 1335 Treaty of Trentschin. In 1336, King John gave the Duchy of Racibórz with Pszczyna to the Přemyslid duke Nicholas II of Opava, who had married late Duke Leszek's sister Anna of Racibórz and ruled both duchies in personal union. In 1407 Nicholas's grandson John II, Duke of Opava and Racibórz, gave the territories of Pszczyna, Bieruń, Mysłowice, and Mikołów as a dowry to his wife Helena, a niece of the Polish king Jogaila. After the acquisition of several villages south of Żory in 1412, Helena, upon the death of her husband in 1424 ruled as a Duchess of Pless, succeeded in 1452 by her daughter-in-law, Barbara Rockenberg, wife of Helena's son, Nicholas V, Duke of Ratibor-Jägerndorf, and the duchy was downgraded to a state country within the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. From 1462 onwards, Pless was held by the sons of the Bohemian king George of Poděbrady, until Victor, Duke of Münsterberg in 1480 sold it to his son-in-law the Silesian duke Casimir II of Cieszyn. In 1517 it was acquired by the Hungarian magnates of the Thurzó family. In the accompanying sales document issued in the Czech language on 21 February 1517 apart from a castle and city of Pless mentions also 3 towns (Bieruń, Mysłowice, Mikołów) and 50 villages belonging to Pless: Jankowice, Woszczyce, Międzyrzecze, Bojszowy, Brzozówka, ''v Wieze'', Wola, Miedźna, Grzawa, Rudołtowice, Goczałkowice, Łąka, Wisła Wielka, Pawłowice, Zgoń, Brzeźce, Poręba, Stara Wieś, Czarków, Radostowice, Piasek, Studzionka, Szeroka, Krzyżowice, Warszowice, Kryry, Suszec, Kobiór, Wyry, Łaziska Dolne, Łaziska Górne, Smiłowice, Ligota, Stara Kuźnica, Zarzecze, Podlesie, Piotrowice, Tychy, Wilkowyje, Paprocany, Cielmice, Lędziny, Brzęczkowice, Brzezinka, Zabrzeg, Porąbka, Studzienice, Roździeń, Bogucice, Jaźwce, Dziećkowice. Thurzó again sold it (with the approval of Emperor Ferdinand I, King of Bohemia) in 1548 to the Prince-Bishop of Wrocław, Balthasar von Promnitz. The Promnitz family held the duchy as a state country until 1765. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Duchy of Pless」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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